Phytosociological Analysis and Diversity of Weeds in the Mãe Jovina System in the Recôncavo of Bahia

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the composition and diversity of plants in a traditional agricultural system in the region of Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil, in order to provide information for the sustainable management of the area. The research was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Plant Production of the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, using the inventory square method (0.5 m x 0.5 m) in a total area of 111.16 m². The phytosociological survey of the species was carried out in five sample areas, where the frequency, density, abundance and the importance value index (IVI) were calculated. Astraea lobata had the highest IVI (67.33%), showing high frequency and uniform distribution. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H= 1.56) indicated a high diversity in the plant community, with a predominance of some species in areas of lower diversity. This variation suggests a possible influence of climatic factors on the wide distribution of certain species in the studied area. The analysis identified species with a potential impact on agricultural productivity, highlighting the need for adequate agroecological management for these plants. It is concluded that detailed knowledge of weed composition and diversity is essential for the development of efficient management strategies, ensuring the sustainability of the agricultural system.