Adaptabilidad y potencial de rendimiento de 5 Ecotipos Nativos de Maní (Arachis hypogaea l.) En el Municipio de Monteagudo - Bolivia

Abstract

The peanut seed producer associations demand that farmers strengthen the production of peanut seeds in the entire peanut-producing region, it is against this general framework that the present research work was carried out in the community of Peñaderia del Cantón Sauces, municipality from Monteagudo (Chuquisaca - Bolivia). The objective was to generate information on the response of 5 native ecotypes to 1 peanut variety released under agroclimatic conditions, in order to seek diversification of the production units in the municipality of Monteagudo. The methodology consisted in the establishment of a field trial, under a randomized complete block design, with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions, an analysis of variance and tests of means such as Tukey (p = 0.05) were performed, where the varieties considered as treatments were: Blanco Paradito, Cartucho Colorado, Guano de Oveja, Coloradito Chiquitano, Overo d Baycua (native ecotypes) and Colorado de Iboperenda (Control - released variety). The variables evaluated were: plant height, Cercospora tolerance, number of pods, grain / husk ratio, weight of 100 seeds and yield (kg / ha). The results were determined that the Sheep Guano T3, is the one that obtained the best development in the growth of the plants with 32.79 cm, also for the damage by diseases such as the Cercospora the T6 or Control, Colorado Iboperenda is the most susceptible to damage by peanut pox where there are numerous spots on the upper leaves. defoliation ˂75%. and the Overo de Baycua (T5) and Blanco Paradito (T1) are the ecotypes of peanuts with the presence of many spots on the upper leaves. defoliation ˂60%). On the other hand, for the number of pods, the T5 treatment is Overo de Baycua with 29.50 pods per plant. Treatment T6 or Control, Colorado de Iboperenda, obtained the highest yield with 1997.58 kg / ha; T4, Coloradito Chiquitano with 1876.96 kg / ha and T3, Sheep Guano with 1065.86 kg / ha, these treatments being that better adapted to the conditions of the agroecosystems of the region. In conclusion, an assessment of native varieties should be carried out in this locality, seeing the yield and agronomic development and purification of different ecotypes of peanuts that are well known in the region.