Efeitos provocados por neonicotinóides sobre abelhas e seu serviço ecossistêmico de polinização

Abstract

Bees drive the economy through their pollination service, both humans and several species of animals are dependent on this task. In recent years the population of pollinators has been decreasing, this fact is closely related to unsustainable activities, such as the use of neonicotinoids in agriculture. The risk assessment of pesticides that do not yet exist in Brazil has become more rigid due to the change made by IBAMA, in order to reduce the disappearance and decline of pollinating agents. ANVISA modified the classification of pesticides according to their active ingredient or target organism, the groups of neonicotinoids showed great toxicity, being harmful to most insects. Acaricides/insecticides are responsible for bee mortality in addition to hindering pollination, as most of them affect the central nervous system of insects. Ecological and sustainable alternatives such as the preservation of bee habitats, polyculture and non-use of pesticides within the production system are ecological measures in order to reduce the drop in the number of bees, through the maintenance of foraging areas.